Zelensky says Ukrainian public won’t let him hand Russia territory

The Ukrainian people would reject a peace deal that involves Ukraine unilaterally withdrawing from the eastern Donbas region and turning it over to Russia, President Volodymyr Zelensky told Axios in an interview Tuesday.

As Zelensky was speaking to Axios, Ukrainian and Russian negotiators were meeting for a third round of direct talks in Geneva. The main sticking point is control of the Donbas, around 10% of which is still in Ukrainian hands.

Zelensky said U.S. mediators Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner have told him Russia genuinely wants to end the war, and that he should coordinate with his own negotiating team on that basis ahead of the talks. But Zelensky made clear he's much more pessimistic. He also advised Witkoff and Kushner that they shouldn't try to force him to sell a vision of peace his own people would see as an "unsuccessful story."

Zelensky said it was "not fair" that President Trump kept publicly calling on Ukraine, not Russia, to make concessions for peace. He contended that, while it might be easier for Trump to pressure Ukraine than the much larger Russia, the way to create a lasting peace is not "to give victory" to Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Trump said twice in recent days that the onus was on Zelensky to make concessions. "I hope it is just his tactics and not the decision," Zelensky told Axios. He also thanked Trump for his peacemaking efforts, and said his conversations with Kushner and Witkoff don't involve the kind of pressure Trump uses in public. "We respect each other," he said, adding that he was "not such a person" who folds easily under pressure.

The U.S. mediators have proposed that Ukrainian forces withdraw from the parts of the Donbas they currently hold and allow that area to become a demilitarized "free economic zone." Washington has not taken a position on which country would hold sovereignty there.

Zelensky is prepared to discuss a troop withdrawal, but has called for Moscow to pull its troops back an equivalent distance — and has rejected Russia's claim to sovereignty over the zone. Zelensky claimed that in the second round of talks, Russian officials promised to consult with Moscow and return with a detailed position on the territorial question.

In his 37-minute phone interview with Axios, Zelensky noted that Washington and Kyiv have agreed that any deal must be put to the Ukrainian people in a referendum.

If that deal involves the Ukrainian side simply pulling out of Donbas — sacrificing sovereignty and the citizenship of the people who live there — he believes it would be voted down.

If the deal simply freezes the current battle lines in the Donbas, as is the plan in two other regions where Russia holds territory, Zelensky thinks the Ukrainian people would accept it. But Russia insists it will take the full Donbas either through talks or by force.

While the political dialogue has been slow-going, Zelensky said military-to-military talks with Russia in Abu Dhabi were more productive. The sides largely agreed on a U.S.-led mechanism to monitor a ceasefire using drones, should one be reached, he said. But while Ukraine also wants European countries involved, the Russians are opposed.

in Tuesday's interview, he suggested that any election may have to take place during a fragile ceasefire, and that he may be a candidate in such a scenario. "It will depend on the people. We will see what they want." He also noted that, for now, Russia has only agreed on a one-day ceasefire for Ukraine to organize and hold a national vote, rather than the 60 days Zelensky thinks are needed.