Senate Passes G.O.P. Budget Plan After Democrats Force Long Night of Votes

The Senate passed Republicans’ budget plan early Friday on a largely party-line vote.

The final tally was 52-48, with all Democrats and one Republican, Rand Paul of Kentucky, opposing the resolution.

Their first attempt to box in G.O.P. senators came in the form of a proposal that would bar tax cuts for any person making more than $1 billion a year. It was meant to drive home Democrats’ argument that Republicans want to slash spending for ordinary Americans just to reward billionaires with tax cuts. It failed nearly entirely along party lines, setting the tone for a night when Democrats were not expected to prevail in making any substantive change to the budget blueprint.

As the night wore on, Democrats offered up similar proposals to protect food pricing and Medicaid funding. Most of the votes played out along partisan lines, but some Republicans broke with their party to back Democratic proposals.

Two Republican senators broke ranks on multiple occasions during the night. Senator Susan Collins of Maine backed two Democratic proposals aimed at blocking tax cuts for the superrich, while both she and Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri supported a measure to protect Medicaid funding for maternal health care. Mr. Hawley also voted in favor of an amendment seeking to curb the influence of hedge funds in the single-family housing market.

Despite those defections, the amendments failed. Still, Ms. Collins’s and Mr. Hawley’s votes could serve as political insulation down the line, allowing them to claim independence from party orthodoxy when it proves useful.