Pipeline carrying 80% of Kazakh crude could take a year to repair after being hit by Ukraine drone strike

Roughly 80% of Kazakh crude exports flow through this Russian port on the Black Sea. Kazakhstan’s oil and gas condensate production output fell 6% in the first two days of December from November levels. Calls for diversification away from reliance on Russia have grown louder with each attack, but Kazakhstan’s own long-term planning still counts on that relationship. Through 2050, official scenarios still assume that 70% to 80% of the country’s crude exports will move across Russian territory.